How do series and parallel circuits differ in terms of current and voltage?

In a series circuit, the same current flows through all components, which means that the total current is the same at every point in the circuit. This current will divide among any parallel branches. Furthermore, the voltage across each component in a series circuit adds up to the total voltage supplied by the power source. Therefore, the voltage can vary among components based on their resistance (Ohm's law), but the current remains constant throughout.

In a parallel circuit, on the other hand, the voltage across all branches is the same and equal to the voltage of the power source. Current can divide among each branch, depending on the resistance of each path. Some branches may carry more current than others, but they will all experience the same voltage.

This understanding highlights that in series circuits, it is accurate to say that the current is the same throughout, while in parallel circuits, the voltage remains consistent across all branches. Therefore, understanding these fundamental characteristics of series and parallel configurations is essential, particularly when analyzing circuits and predicting their behavior under different conditions.