How is momentum defined in physics?

Momentum is defined in physics as the product of an object's mass and its velocity, denoted mathematically as ( p = mv ). This definition indicates that momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. The mass of an object (a scalar quantity) is multiplied by its velocity (also a vector), resulting in momentum, which is crucial in understanding collisions and other interactions in mechanics.

This concept is foundational in physics because it helps describe the motion of objects and the effects of forces acting upon them. For example, in an isolated system where no external forces are present, the total momentum remains constant, a principle known as the conservation of momentum. This principle is extensively used to analyze collisions, whether elastic or inelastic, providing insights into how objects interact.

Understanding momentum helps students grasp the behavior of moving bodies and the influences of external forces, making it a fundamental concept in both classical mechanics and broader applications in various physical contexts.