How is Newton's second law of motion mathematically expressed?

Newton's second law of motion is mathematically expressed as F = ma, where F represents the net force acting on an object, m is the mass of the object, and a is the acceleration experienced by that object. This relationship indicates that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it and inversely proportional to its mass. In simpler terms, if you apply a greater force to an object, it will accelerate more, and if the object has a larger mass, it will accelerate less for the same amount of force applied.

This law is fundamental because it quantifies how forces influence motion, making it a cornerstone in classical mechanics. Understanding this can help analyze various physical scenarios, from the motion of vehicles to the behavior of celestial bodies under gravitational forces. The other choices do not accurately represent Newton's second law in the context of mass and acceleration.