How is torque defined in physics?

Torque is defined as the rotational equivalent of linear force. It quantifies the tendency of a force to rotate an object around an axis or pivot point. When a force is applied at a distance from the axis of rotation, it creates a tendency for the object to rotate; this effect is represented mathematically by the equation τ = r × F, where τ is torque, r is the distance from the pivot point to the point where the force is applied, and F is the force applied. The concept emphasizes not only the magnitude of the force but also its application point and direction, as the angle at which the force is applied affects the resulting torque. This makes torque a critical concept in understanding rotational dynamics and how forces influence angular motion.