To determine the volume of water at a different temperature, you can apply the concept of thermal expansion, which states that substances typically expand when heated and contract when cooled.
For liquids like water, the change in volume due to temperature change can be approximated using the formula:
[
\Delta V = V_0 \beta \Delta T
]
where (\Delta V) is the change in volume, (V_0) is the original volume, (\beta) is the coefficient of volumetric expansion for the liquid, and (\Delta T) is the change in temperature.
Water has a volumetric coefficient of expansion approximately equal to (0.000214 , \text{°C}^{-1}).
In this scenario, the original volume is 450 mL at 30°C. When the temperature increases to 90°C, the change in temperature ((\Delta T)) is:
[
\Delta T = 90 , \text{°C} - 30 , \text{°C} = 60 , \text{°C}
]
Now we can calculate the increase in volume:
[
\Delta V = 450 \