What distinguishes series circuits from parallel circuits?

In a series circuit, all components are connected end-to-end in a single path for current to flow. This arrangement means that the same current flows through each component, creating a uniform current throughout the entire circuit. The total voltage across the circuit is the sum of the individual voltages across each component. Therefore, it is accurate to state that components in series share the same current, while the voltage across each component can differ based on their resistance values.

Conversely, in a parallel circuit, the components are connected across the same pair of terminals, creating multiple paths for the current to flow. In this configuration, each component experiences the same voltage, equal to the voltage of the power source, while the total current supplied by the power source is the sum of the currents flowing through each parallel branch.

This distinction between how current and voltage are distributed in series and parallel circuits is fundamental to understanding circuit behavior. Series circuits reduce current distribution while parallel circuits allow for individual component operation at the same voltage level.