What does amplitude represent in wave mechanics?

Amplitude in wave mechanics is a key concept that refers to the maximum displacement of points on a wave from their rest position, which is often called the equilibrium or neutral position of the wave. This measurement indicates how far the wave's peaks and valleys deviate from that rest position.

Understanding amplitude is crucial because it directly relates to the energy carried by the wave—greater amplitudes indicate higher energy. For instance, in sound waves, a larger amplitude corresponds to a louder sound, while in light waves, it can relate to the brightness of the light.

This concept is integral to the characteristics of waves across different types, such as mechanical waves (like sound or water waves) and electromagnetic waves (like light). Recognizing that amplitude is not about minimum displacement, frequency, or speed helps to clarify its specific role in wave mechanics.