What is a common application of a simple harmonic oscillator model?

A common application of a simple harmonic oscillator model is a pendulum in a clock. In this context, a pendulum exhibits periodic motion where its displacement from an equilibrium position varies sinusoidally over time. This is a key characteristic of simple harmonic motion, where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement and acts in the opposite direction.

In the case of a pendulum, as it swings away from its lowest point, gravity acts as a restoring force that pulls it back toward this equilibrium position. The regular, repeatable nature of this swinging motion makes it ideal for timekeeping, demonstrating the fundamental properties of a simple harmonic oscillator. Furthermore, the time period of the pendulum's swing is primarily determined by its length and the acceleration due to gravity, which aligns well with the principles governing simple harmonic motion.

Other options, such as roller coasters, electric currents, and static structures, do not represent simple harmonic motion in the same way. For example, roller coasters involve complex dynamics including changes in potential and kinetic energy not limited to simple harmonic motion. Electric currents do not inherently exhibit periodic motion akin to that of a simple harmonic oscillator without additional factors such as oscillating circuits. Static structures are designed to withstand forces without motion, making