What is nuclear fission?

Nuclear fission is the process by which a heavy atomic nucleus undergoes splitting into two or more lighter nuclei, along with the release of energy. This phenomenon typically involves isotopes such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239, which, when bombarded by neutrons, absorb these particles and become unstable. The resulting instability leads to the nucleus splitting apart, producing a significant amount of energy due to the conversion of mass into energy, as described by Einstein's mass-energy equivalence principle (E=mc²).

This process is essential in nuclear reactors and atomic bombs, as it produces a powerful energy release that can be harnessed for electricity generation or weaponry. Understanding fission is foundational in nuclear physics and nuclear engineering applications, making it a crucial concept in the study and use of nuclear energy.