What is the main function of a transformer in electrical systems?

The main function of a transformer in electrical systems is to increase or decrease voltage in an alternating current (AC) circuit. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which involves transferring electrical energy between circuits through coils of wire (windings). When an AC voltage is applied to the primary winding, it creates a magnetic field that then induces a voltage in the secondary winding. By adjusting the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils, transformers can effectively step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels, making them crucial for efficient power transmission over long distances. This ability to modify voltage is essential for reducing energy losses and ensuring that electricity can be safely and effectively distributed to homes and businesses.