What is the primary function of a transformer in electrical systems?

The primary function of a transformer in electrical systems is to change voltage levels. Transformers operate based on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are designed to either step up (increase) or step down (decrease) the voltage of alternating current (AC) electricity. This capability is essential for efficient power distribution and transmission. By adjusting voltage levels, transformers help minimize energy losses over long distances and ensure compatibility with electrical devices that require specific voltage levels for safe and efficient operation.

In electricity transmission, high voltages are used to reduce current, which helps to decrease resistive losses in the wires. At the point of use, transformers step down the high voltage to a lower voltage that can be safely utilized in homes and businesses. This transformation enables a versatile and effective electrical grid, accommodating various applications and devices.