What is thermal conductivity?

Thermal conductivity refers to the property of a material that determines how effectively it conducts heat. It is an intrinsic characteristic, often denoted by the symbol 'k', that quantifies the rate at which heat passes through a unit thickness of a material per unit area per degree of temperature difference.

Materials with high thermal conductivity, such as metals, allow heat to pass through them easily, leading to efficient heat transfer. Conversely, materials with low thermal conductivity, like wood or insulating foam, are less effective at transferring heat, making them suitable for thermal insulation purposes. This fundamental concept is essential in engineering, construction, and materials science, where understanding heat transfer is crucial for designing efficient systems and structures.